The link between effort and performance, or the strength of the individual’s expectation that a certain amount of effort will lead to a certain level of performance. The degree to which an employee is motivated depends on three important relationships, shown in Exhibit 9.6. According to expectancy theory, the probability of an individual acting in a particular way depends on the strength of that individual’s belief that the act will have a particular outcome and on whether the individual values that outcome. One of the best-supported and most widely accepted theories of motivation is expectancy theory, which focuses on the link between motivation and behavior. What four contemporary theories on employee motivation offer insights into improving employee performance?
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